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BBS in a Box - Macintosh - Volume VII (BBS in a Box) (January 1993).iso
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MNP
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1988-12-29
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THE BENEFITS OF THE MNP ERROR-CONTROL PROTOCOL
MNP is a public-domain error/flow control protocol that is becoming
the standard hardware-based solution for providing error-free data
communications for personal computers and data terminals. MNP stands for
"Microcom Networked Protocol", and is copyrighted by Microcom. MNP is
available for commercial use under license.
The basic benefit of MNP is the ability to detect transmitted data
errors and to insure the data's accurate retransmission. MNP devides data
into numbered frames that include the results of an algorithmic
calculation called "cyclic redundancy checking" (CRC). The receiving
modem performs the same CRC algorithm on each frame and responds
positively or negatively to the sending modem.
A negative acknowledgement serves as an automatic repeat request for
retransmission of the errored data frame. The receiving modem accepts no
more frames until the frame in question is transmitted successfully. In
this way, MNP protects against errors and ensures that the data arrives in
sequence.
Two 2400 baud modems using Level 3 MNP under optimal conditions can
exchange data at rates up to 259 characters per second. This eight percent
gain over the normal 240 cps speed for 2400-bps modems is achieved by
removing start and stop bits from each data character so that the data is
in bit format, as in synchronous transmission.
Additionally, when hardware-based MNP protocol is employed at 2400
bps, the modem throughput remains at 2400 (actually, 2590 bps) under
normal line conditions. Under the same conditions, software-based
protocols can degrade throughput down to 2000 bps or worse. This
reduction in the data transfer rate can prove unacceptable in many
applications.
The receiving modem reinserts the start and stop bits before passing
the data to the receiving terminal or computer.
When a call is initiated, an MNP-equipped modem negotiates the highest
level MNP connection available with the other modem. If it reaches a
non-MNP modem, it operates as a standard 2400 bps modem.
Built-in error-control like MNP requires that the modem control the
data flow from the terminal or computer to the modem, to prevent the
possible loss of data that might otherwise occur.
Line conditions, for example, might cause a number of retransmission
requests that interrupt the normal flow over the data link. The modem is
equipped with a buffer for storing incoming data from the computer or
terminal, so that the data does not get lost while the modem is
retransmitting.
The modem monitors the buffer and, if it approaches full capacity,
signals the computer or terminal to stop sending. The modem signals the
computer to resume sending when the modem has sent enough data over the
link to sufficiently empty the buffer.
The MNP hardware-based flow-control is known as "Request to Send/Clear
to Send" (RTS/CTS), using pins 4 and 5 of the RS232C interface.
Software-based, or command-based flow control uses ASCII "XON/XOFF"
signals to perform the identical task of RTS/CTS.
A benefit of flow control is the ability to set the data transfer rate
of the computer or terminal as high as 19,200 bps, regardless of the
transmission speed of the modem. Using this arrangement, the computer or
terminal speed is the same from call to call. The computer or terminal
sends data to the modem as fast as possible, with the modem controlling
the flow of data into the buffer. The transmitting and receiving modems
match transfer rates using standard conventions.
Error correction methods have been around for a long time, but their
incorporation into the hardware or firmware of low and medium speed
asynchronous dial-up modems is relatively new. The MNP protocol is
uniquely suited for this type of application and has been proven superior
to software-based error correction protocols such as X.PC, XMODEM and
others.
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